Metal-working fluid containing a 2,4,5-trichloroaniline derivative as a microbiocide

ABSTRACT

Derivatives of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline having the general formula: WHEREIN R is the residue of an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or arylaliphatic compound. These derivatives possess marked antimicrobial power.

tlnited States Patent 1 Adams et a1.

- METAL-WORKING FLUID CONTAINING A 2,4,5- TRICIILOROANILINE DERIVATIVE AS A MICROBIOCIDE Inventors: Phillip Adams, Murray Hill; Alfonso N. Petrocci, Glen Rock; John .I. Merianos, Jersey City, all of NJ.

Assignee: Millma'ster Onyx Corporation, New

York, N.Y.

Filed: March 19, 1971 Appl. No.: 126,333

Related U.S. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 875,499, Nov. 10, 1969.

U.S. Cl. ..252/51.5 R, 252/493, 252/51, 260/5705 R, 260/5705 PA Int. Cl ..Cl0m1/20, ClOm 1/30, Cl 0m 1/32 Field of Search'...252/49.3, 51, 51.5 R, 570.5 R, 252/5705 PA Primary ExaminerDanie1 E. Wyman Assistant Examiner-W. J. Shine Altorney-Arthur A. Jacobs [57] ABSTRACT Derivatives of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline general formula:

having the wherein R is the residue of an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or arylaliphatic compound. These derivatives possess marked anti-microbial power.

1 Claim, No Drawings METAL-WORKING FLUID CONTAINING A 2,4,5- to distill off and crystallize in the still head, whence it TRICHLOROANILINE DERIVATIVE ASA wasv driven by heating, and collected in a receiving MICROBIOCIDE flask.

' The residue was cooled and drowned in water and This is a division of -p g pp aqueous caustic soda was added to pH 12. The oil that filed 1969 and relates to new separated was extracted with methylene chloride and Position5 of matter comprising certain derivatives of washed twice with water. The extract was transferred 2,4,54Tichl0roanilin6 having the general formula: to a distilling flask and heated under reduced pressure, removing water and methylene chloride and then tetrachlorobenzene. The product, 3-(2,4,5- H trichloroanilino)-l,l-di-methylaminopropane distilled Q l over as a colorless liquid and yielded 50 percent of the theoretical amount. It had a boiling point of 180-185 1 C. at2 mm. pressure.

By obtaining an average of (1) direct potentiometric titration (first break) and (2) indicator titration in nonwherein R is the residue of an aliphatic, alicyclic, aroaqueous medium wlth Standard acld It assayed matic or arylaliphatic compound, the said derivatives percent possessing marked anti-microbial power, and to a EXAMpLE 2 process for manufacturing them, as well as to their application to various substrates for the purpose of supa manner slmflar to and m the P Vessel of pressing the growth of microorganisms. Example 432 grams or two mols of 5 crude form. However, it is usually preferable to recover them substantially pure by means of distillation under 45 tetrachlorobenzene was reacted with 600 grams or about 10 mols of ethylene diamine in the presence of 7 Thus, the products may be used for the treatment of water, both when used as a coolant, as in cooling towers, air-conditioners, humidifiers and dehugrams of CUPYOUs s d at fOr a Period midifiers, and the like; and when used as process water, f hours at 90 p g g P efor example, in paper making and the like, to prevent After cooling, most of the unreacted the proliferation of microorganisms ther in. Th m tetrachlorobenzene was filtered off. The filtrate was also be used for the preservation of metal-working transferred to a distilling flask, and more than half of fluids by preventing the microbial action which causes the residual ethylene diamine was distilled off. The putrefaction, phase separation and the like, as well as residue was drowned in water and treated with aqueous dermatitis resulting from the handling of contaminated caustic soda until it had a pH of about 12. A brown oil fluids. They may also be used as preservatives for separated as crude trichloroanilinoethylamine.

cosmetics to prevent discoloration, phase separation For a purer product, the oil was distilled in vacuo at and breaking of emulsions and putrefaction, and also to 185-205 C. and 2-3 mm. pressure as a yellow oil, prevent the growth Of path geni microorganisms after first topping the charge to remove amine and thsfeifltetrachlorobenzene. The product yielded 258 grams or T p s of the invention y be P p y 0 about 55 percent of theory. On standing it set to a white the interaction of 1r2i4vs'tetracillombefline with solid, as 2,4,5 trichloroanilinoethylamine, melting at amines to form substituted 2,4,5-trichloroan1lmes. The CI Equivalent weight by titration was 240 products so obtained may in some cases be used in the (2395 theory) and it analyzed percent CI and l 1.0% N (theory being 44.5% and 11.7% respectively).

reduced pressure. EXAMPLE 3 The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it except as claimed. I Usmg the methods of Examples 1 and the pound l,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was reacted with the EXAMPLE 1 following amino compounds: hexylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine,

l 432 grams or two mols of tetrach orobenzene tetradecylamme, hexadecylamme, octadecylamme, oc-

and 825 grams, or about 8 mols, of d l h l h l dimethylaminopropylamine were charged along with 7 ta f amme y we f met y ene grams of cuprous chloride into a pressure vessel. The j i tetlzaetbylene pentamme' hexamethylene mixture was heated under agitation at l90-200 C. i f li3'd'ammqpmparfei hydroxi'ethyl ethylene and a pressure of about 100 psi gauge for a period of diamme, ethanolamme, diethanolamme, cyclohex about 16 hours. Temperatures appreciably higher than ylammer P'P ammo. ethyl P P l 200 C. tend to cause some decomposition with the morphohnei Nmethyl benzylamme, ethylbenlylamme evolution of ammonia. 2,4-dichl0robenzylamine, N-methyl-3,4- The reaction mass was cooled to about 120 C. and dichlorobenzylamine, -m hyl 2,4,5- discharged. At about 50 C. the greater part of the untrichlorobenzylamine, and aniline. Reaction with reacted tetrachlorobenzene was removed by filtration. aniline, however, was very slow and with evidence of The filtrate was transferred tov a distillation flask decomposition. fitted with an air condenser, and excess unreacted In general, any amino compound may be employed, amine was distilled off at a pot temperature up to having at least one primary or secondary amino group, C. at 20 mm pressure. The distillation was continued; at and regardless of the isomeric position of the halo subl40 C. and 5 mm pressure, tetrachlorobenzene began stituent if present.

EXAMPLE4 The products of the above amino derivatives of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline were subjected to microbiological testing according to the following methods:

For antimicrobial evaluation of certain of the above compounds, the Standard Broth Inhibition test method was employed. Aliquots of the test materials were added to appropriate broth culture media contained in test tubes so that various concentrations of the test material in culture media were obtained. The tubes so prepared were inoculated with either 24-hour broth cultures of the test bacteria, or 14-day aqueous spore suspensions of the test fungi, or 7-day broth cultures of the algae. The inoculated tubes were incubated as follows: bacteria for 72 hours at 37 C.; fungi for 14 days at 28 C; algae for 7 days at 25 C. Following the aforementioned incubation period, the tubes were examined for the presence or absence of macroscopic growth. The lowest concentration of test material in the broth which does not permit macroscopic 7 growth is designated as the Minimum Inhibitory Level.

In the following tables, these abbreviations of the designations of the organisms are employed: S.a. Staphylococcus aureus; E.c. Escherichia coli; S.f. Streptococcus faecalis; Ps. a Pseudomonas aeruginosa;

A.n. Aspergillus niger; P.e. Penicilium expansum;-

C.p. Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

The products may be effectively used to control the proliferation of microorganisms in both recirculated water and in process water.

EXAMPLE 0.5 percent by weight of trichloroaniline derivatives was dissolved in a medium of acetone and water. A stock soap solution was first prepared in percent concentration. Ten parts of this, 62.5 parts of acetone, 27 parts of distilled water and 0.5 parts of the product were mixed.

0.5 percent solutions of the same were prepared, but substituting 10 parts of distilled water for the soap solution, as a control.

The bacteriostatic levels were determined on the Soap" and No Soap" solutions, and are given in the following table in terms of parts per million of product, and ofGrowth/No growth.

The effectiveness of the trichloroaniline compounds as soap bacteriostat is clearly shown above, and also in the following test. This is especially significant since it is notorious that most soap bacteriostats are not very active against gram negative bacteria.

EXAMPLE 6 Sterile soap solution was prepared at 2.5 percent soap solids; trichloroaniline derivative was added to aliquots of this at 0.1 percent by weight, or 1,000 parts per million in the solution, and at a soap to product ratio of 25:1. For purpose of comparison, Phisohex, (a proprietary product of Winthrop Laboratories, division of Sterling Drug, lnc.) containing surface-active agents and 3% of 2,2methylene-bis (3,4,6 trichlorophenyl) was diluted with distilled water, also at the 1,000 p.p.m level of bacteriostatic agent.

ml aliquots of the respective solutions were transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks maintained at 25 C. and were inoculated with 1 ml of an aqueous suspension of a 24-hour agar growth of, respectively, Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli.

At intervals of 3 and 5 minutes after inoculation, aliquots of each of the solutions were plated into nutrient agar to determine the number of surviving bacteria. The number of survivors after 5 minutes was compared with the number initially present, from which figures the percent of organisms killed was computed. The following percentages are the average of replicate counts.

Table 3 Per cent of Organisms Killed in 5 Minutes Product S. aureus E. coli Phisohex 98.0325% 94.3325% Example 1 97.4950% 97.0642% EXAMPLE 7 EXAMPLE 8 The 3-(2,4,5-trichloroanilino)-l,l-dimethylamino propane of Example 1 was added at levels of 1.0 percent and 0.5 percent by weight, respectively, to Antara LM 500 (a triethanolamine salt of a complex organic phosphate ester produced by General Aniline and Film Corp.) and to Mahogany Sulfonate (a petroleum sulfonate produced by Humble Oil and Refining Co.), both being examples of metal-working fluids.

These were then diluted, one part of lubricant to 24 parts of water; the preservative was therefore present at the 200 p.p.m. and 400 p.p.m levels in the diluted fluid.

In each case, a blank was prepared in the same manner, but without the preservative compound.

A series of 24-hour broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus species, Proteus species and Aerobacter aerogenes were pooled, diluted with sterile broth and inoculated into 100 ml volumes of the above samples, each contained in a sterile, wide-mouth 4-ounce jar, to provide from 1 to X 10 bacteria cells per ml of prepared fluid.

At weekly intervals, up to 5 weeks after the original inoculation, the samples were examined to determine the viable organisms present. At the 5 week point, each jar was reinoculated with the culture as initially and the testing was continued for a total period of 9 weeks. The counts are given in the following table, in which Phosphate represents the Antara LM 500 and Sulfonate represents the Mahogany Sulfonate.

The counts are to be multiplied by 10 Table 4 3-(2,4,5-trichloroanilino)-1 ,1 -dimethylaminopropane The term metal-working fluids, as used herein are those discusses in Metalworking Lubricants,'E.L.l-l. Bastian, McGraw Hill Co., 1951, pp. 5-56. The present compounds have biocidal utility when intermixed in biocidally effective amounts with fluids such as disclosed in this publication.

The products of this invention are also effective preservatives against microbial growth and action in cosmetic preparations such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and the like, when present therein in a proportion of about 0.25 to 2 percent by weight of the composition.

The invention claimed is:

1. A biocidal metal-working fluid containing a microbiocidally effective amount of a compound having the structure:

wherein R is the residue remaining after 1, 2, 4, 5- tetrachlorobenzene has been reacted with a compound selected from the group consisting of ethylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, octadecenylamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1,l-dimethylaminopropane, 1,3diaminopropane, hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, piperazine, aminoethyl piperazine, morpholine, N- methyl benzylamine, ethylbenzylamine, 2,4- dichlorobenzylamine, N-methyl-3,4- dichlorobenzylamine, N-methy1-2,4,5- trichlorobenzylamine, and aniline. 

